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Degradable plastics are not really friendly to the environment, because they must be placed in the open air to be biodegradable. On the other hand, recycling helps to capture the value of certain polymers-mainly PET and HDPE, but also some PS and PP-but the collection, sorting, and transportation costs associated with mechanical recycling remain challenges. Two new IDTechEx studies attempt to clarify these issues.
"New, biodegradable plastics and better recycling strategies are two promising ways to help the world reduce plastic waste," IDTechEx said. Two reports discussed these two methods: "Bioplastics 2020-2025" and "Green Technology and Polymer Recycling: Market Analysis 2020-2030."
The report correctly pointed out that people are paying more and more attention to biodegradable plastics as a potential solution to the spread of plastic waste. Although biodegradable plastics decompose naturally in the environment, the ultimate problem still exists. Fragmentation does not mean that it will disappear completely.
IDTechEx points out that, in fact, only about half of bioplastics are biodegradable. "Just because a material is obtained biologically does not necessarily mean that it will decompose in the natural environment. Many well-known bioplastics, such as the bio-derived PET used in Coca-Cola PlantBottle, are not biodegradable. "The report summary reads.
The second question is about the meaning of "biodegradable" plastics, which has caused consumers to have a lot of confusion about "how bioplastics decompose in the natural environment" and "in what time period". If a bottle labeled as biodegradable takes several months to disappear, then most biodegradable plastics will not meet the expectations of brands or consumers. The “Bioplastics 2020-2025” report uses PLA as an example: “If a PLA bottle is thrown into the sea, it will take hundreds of years to be decomposed.” The report stated that PLA will be decomposed in industrial composting facilities. “There, PLA It can be heated to a high enough temperature and microorganisms can decompose at a considerable rate." The report outlines the biodegradability of all common bioplastics.
Plastic recycling is mentioned in "Green Technology and Polymer Recycling: Market Analysis 2020-2030". The analysis first pointed out the problem of low global recycling rates. The report said that the continuing challenges of mechanical recycling are well known, including pollution issues; however, "a series of emerging alternative recycling technologies, including chemical recycling and upgraded recycling technologies, may bring more opportunities to the polymer value chain."
Some advanced recycling technologies are not yet fully prepared to enter the golden age, and when these facilities are online, how to deliver difficult-to-recycle plastics to the logistics of the facilities remains a challenge. IDTechEx’s report focuses on pyrolysis and other forms of depolymerization to create fuels and chemical raw materials, and to extract monomers from waste plastics. “These monomers can be returned to the broader value chain and contribute to a more circular economy. contribution."
Mechanical recycling poses ongoing challenges that need to be overcome to provide economically viable solutions, including first getting people’s participation, keeping all plastics away from the environment and entering the appropriate recycling stream.
IDTechEx pointed out that biodegradable plastics and recyclable plastics are difficult to compete with historically low oil prices, and oil prices make traditional disposable plastics the cheapest option so far. In addition, these two solutions are also competing with each other. For example, "A greater focus on recycling will result in a smaller potential market for bioplastics, making the economic problems facing this field more complicated."
Biodegradable plastics are not recyclable, and unless and until polymer compatibilizers are more commonly used in the recycling process, they must be excluded. With the impact of biodegradable and compostable plastics, especially in some European countries, which face various challenges due to such materials, it remains to be seen whether recycling (mechanical and advanced technology) will become the most environmentally friendly method of processing plastic waste.